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From Forest to Steppe

The Russian Art of Building in Wood

Book

Pages: 440

Illustrations: 412 color photographs, 6 maps

Published: July 2025

Throughout Russian history, local craftsmen have shown remarkable skill in fashioning wood into items of daily use, from bridges and street paving to carts and boats to household utensils and combs. Russia has the largest forested zone on the planet, so its architecture was also traditionally made from timber. From homes to churches to forts, Russian buildings are almost all, underneath, constructed with logs, often covered by plank siding or by lathing and plaster.
In From Forest to Steppe, renowned scholar and photographer William Craft Brumfield offers a panoramic survey of Russia’s centuries-long heritage of wooden architecture. Lavishly illustrated with more than 400 color photographs, the volume links log-built barns, windmills, houses, and churches in the Far North; Buddhist shrines in the Transbaikal region; and eighteenth-century palaces on the outskirts of Moscow. Brumfield also takes readers to the estate houses of many Russian literary giants, from Chekhov and Tolstoy to Dostoevsky and Pushkin. Spanning thousands of photographed sites, five decades of field work, and seven time zones, Brumfield’s photographs offer compelling evidence of the adaptability of log construction and its ability to transcend class, cultural, and aesthetic boundaries.
In the decades since Brumfield began photographing Russian architecture, many of the buildings he has documented have been demolished or abandoned and left to rot at alarming rates. Brumfield observes a contradiction in contemporary Russia: It acknowledges the cultural importance of wooden buildings yet struggles to find and dedicate the resources and solutions needed to save them. A hymn and elegy to the long Russian practice of building with wood, From Forest to Steppe is an unparalleled look into one of the world’s most singular architectural traditions.

Praise

“In its geographical and disciplinary span this book represents William Craft Brumfield’s scholarly lifetime of research and reflection on, alongside on-the-ground experience with, Russian architecture. Without his intrepid explorations and erudition much of what is known about these astounding wooden buildings in remote rural locations would be lost. Moreover, his images alone are so striking they will surely stimulate readers’ curiosity about the story behind each structure. Brumfield’s unmatched tenacity in searching out and documenting a full range of surviving works, no matter how difficult to reach, is combined here with his vast collection of photographs amassed over the decades from forays into frozen, mosquito-infested, and out-of-the-way regions. It is rare to read a work of this scope, maturity, and stature.” - John Beldon Scott, author of Architecture for the Shroud: Relic and Ritual in Turin

From Forest to Steppe is a tribute to the generations of anonymous Russian woodworkers whose skill and ingenuity took a simple basic module—the log cabin—and adapted its structure to dwellings large and small, from stout defensive walls and fortifications to prefab rooms for sale at medieval markets. It is also a tribute to the dedication and persistence of William Craft Brumfield, who found ways of reaching remote sites to photograph buildings that were often in a state of disrepair or that have since disappeared. Providing an expansive overview of a fundamental building block of Russian culture, this book helps us appreciate the importance of preserving architectural monuments as a window into the life of the boreal forest’s past and present inhabitants.” - Ann Kleimola, coeditor of Culture and Identity in Muscovy, 1359–1584

"This volume is an authentic masterpiece, succeeding on all levels: in its scope, in its literary sophistication, in the quality of its analysis, and in its depth of cultural empathy. It can be placed without hesitation on a level with the classics of Russian architectural historiography..., but there is something that distinguishes Brumfield: a unique synthesis of scientific rigor and a profoundly human view of architecture as a cultural milieu." (translated from Russian) - Alexander Molodin, Roskult

"This volume underscores why the work to which William Craft Brumfield has been so dedicated for more than a half-century matters so much. He of course records worlds and buildings which no longer exist and he has built up a record that stands the test of time. This volume, with its focus on one building type yet drawing on images across half a century, demonstrates precisely the significance of what he has accomplished." - Blair Ruble, former director of the Kennan Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center

"One lingers with pleasure over the exquisite images, the epic text, the comforting erudition, and, above all, the expert command of the ancient art of storytelling recast in the contemporary key of photography melded with scholarship. The appearance of this magisterial volume is particularly felicitous in this philistine, politically charged moment, when it reminds us of the shared humanity to be found in the humblest and highest solutions to the universal imperative for shelter." - Lena M. Lencek, Professor Emerita of Russian and Humanities, Reed College

"[T]his collection of beautiful photographs is a major contribution and deserves a featured place in institutional and personal libraries." - Gregory L. Freeze, Russian Review

"Prof. Brumfield’s meticulous documentation provides a wealth of information about places few will ever visit, down to the date of each photograph. . . . His dedication to his life’s mission, as finely represented in this book, is a gift to historians and researchers the world over." - Philip Ulanowsky, Executive Intelligence Review

"This book demonstrates the author's brilliant mastery of the materials he has collected over several decades of travel across Russia. . . . Each page of [this book] is a kind of declaration of love for Russian architecture. And this love is clearly no accident, as the author has dedicated nearly two-thirds of his life to the study of architectural art, absorbing the vast spatial impressions of the Russian North and South, the central part of European Russia, Eastern and Western Siberia, the Altai region, the Far East, and the icy North of Siberia. These impressions became a revelation for the American researcher of Russian culture, but perhaps also for his soul." (translated from Russian) - V. B. Koshaev, Theory and History of Art

"A significant and valuable feature of this work is its inclusion of photographs of buildings that no longer exist due to fire, neglect, or war damage. The text also provides a brief historical overview of wooden architecture development and discussions of traditional building techniques, apprenticeship practices, and current preservation attempts. In sum, From Forest to Steppe is a highly recommended must-have for any collection that emphasizes thorough global coverage of architectural history. Essential. All readership levels." - Choice

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Author/Editor Bios

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William Craft Brumfield is Professor of Slavic Studies at Tulane University. Brumfield began photographing Russia in 1970 and is the foremost authority in the West on Russian architecture. He is the author, editor, and photographer of numerous books, including Journeys Through the Russian Empire: The Photographic Legacy of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, Architecture at the End of the Earth: Photographing the Russian North, and Lost Russia: Photographing the Ruins of Russian Architecture, all published by Duke University Press. Brumfield is the recipient of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship and was a Fellow at the National Humanities Center. In 2002 he was elected to the state Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and in 2006 to the Russian Academy of Fine Arts. He is also the 2014 recipient of the D. S. Likhachev Prize for Outstanding Contributions to the Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of Russia. In 2019 he was awarded the Russian state's Order of Friendship medal—the highest decoration of the Russian Federation given to foreign nationals—for his study and promotion of Russia’s cultural legacy. Brumfield’s photographs of Russian architecture have been exhibited at numerous galleries and museums and are part of the Image Collections at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Author’s Note  xi
Exordium  xiii
Introduction. Getting There  1
Part I. Wooden Architecture as Cultural Environment
1. From Palace to Dacha: High Art Revisits Folk Traditions  25
2. The Wooden Ambience of Russian Literature  73
Part II. Where the Folk Live: From Forest to Steppe
3. The Russian North: Toward the White Sea  117
4. The Heartland  241
5. Crossing the Urals  303
6. Into Siberia  325
7. The Far East  381
Conclusion. What Will Remain?  407
General Bibliograhy  411
Index

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