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Kingdom Come

The Politics of Faith and Freedom in Segregationist South Africa and Beyond

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Religious Cultures of African and African Diaspora People

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Pages: 264

Published: October 2023

In Kingdom Come, Tshepo Masango Chéry charts a new genealogy of early twentieth-century Black Christian activists who challenged racism in South Africa before the solidification of apartheid by using faith as a strategy against global racism. Masango Chéry traces this Black freedom struggle and the ways that South African church leaders defied colonial domination by creating, in solidarity with Black Christians worldwide, Black-controlled religious institutions that were geared toward their liberation. She demonstrates how Black Christians positioned the church as a site of political resistance and centered specifically African visions of freedom in their organizing. Drawing on archival research spanning South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Masango Chéry tells a global story of the twentieth century that illuminates the formations of racial identity, state control, and religious belief. Masango Chéry’s recentering of South Africa in the history of worldwide Black liberation changes understandings of spiritual and intellectual routes of dissemination throughout the diaspora.

Praise

“Tshepo Masango Chéry’s Kingdom Come is a fascinating exploration of Christianity as a subversive, anti-imperial force in the twentieth century. With South Africa as generative source, Masango Chéry follows a circuitry of individuals and ideas connecting Africa to the Caribbean and North America, including Ethiopianism, the Garvey movement, and the African Orthodox Church. As such, Kingdom Come is a signal contribution across multiple registers that include African diasporic, South African, Black liberation, and religious studies.” - Michael A. Gomez, Silver Professor of History, New York University

“Tshepo Masango Chéry’s Kingdom Come centers Africa and Africans in an expansive nineteenth- and twentieth-century black internationalist religious movement that laid the groundwork for Bishop Desmond Tutu and Reverend Allan Boesak’s liberationist ‘theologies of refusal’ in the global anti-apartheid struggle. Kingdom Come is a refreshing rejoinder to insular South African histories disconnected from the rest of the African continent, instead centering South Africa in the multidirectional flows of Christian-identified black peoples, foundational religious institutions, and liberationist ideologies to and from southern, and eastern Africa, the United States, and the Caribbean.” - Robert Trent Vinson, author of The Americans Are Coming!: Dreams of African American Liberation in Segregationist South Africa

“In Kingdom Come, Tshepo Masango Chéry ambitiously investigates examples of Black Christian churches in several different regions of the world during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to explore the connections as well as tensions between them as vehicles for challenging European dominance during that era. In doing so, she draws on extensive previous study of those cases by other scholars while adding some of her own original research and offering a valuable comparative analysis of the complex ways that each of the churches contributed to the development of transnational Black identity while also being a 'home-grown response to the global problem of white supremacy.'”
  - Stephen Volz, International Journal of African Historical Studies

"From the opening pages of Kingdom Come, Tshepo Masango Chéry makes it clear that this book will push boundaries. . . . It infuses the book with a sense that its people, ideas, and places transformed not just Masango Chéry’s world but all of ours." - Lauren V. Jarvis, American Historical Review

". . . this is an interesting new take on transnational religious movements in countries connected through the AOC." - Peter Limb, African Studies Review

"The book Kingdom Come provides an in-depth look at how religion became a powerful tool in the fight against racial and colonial oppression in South Africa and beyond. This book not only illustrates the interaction between religion and political freedom but also explores how religious movements inspired economic awareness among Black communities in South Africa and the African diaspora." - Anita Kusumawati, African Identities

". . . Tshepo Masango Chéry provides valuable insights into the role of religion in the struggle for freedom. . . . [A]n in-depth look at how religion became a powerful tool in the fight against racial and colonial oppression in South Africa and beyond." - Anita Kusumawati, African Identities

"A pioneering analysis of an important yet until now little-studied organisation" - Joel Cabrita, Journal of Ecclesiastical History

"Highly recommended." - Catherine Higgs, Choice

"Masango Chéry develops a deep and sensitive biographical history, revealing the lives and worlds of key figures of African and Black church movements." - Jonathan Schoots, History of Religions

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Author/Editor Bios

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Tshepo Masango Chéry is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Houston.

Table Of Contents

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Abbreviations  ix
Tlhompo/Acknowledgments  xi
Introduction: Thy Kingdom Come on Earth  1
1. “My Blood Is a Million Stories”: The Making of Coloured Identity  13
2. Faith of Our Fathers: The Ethiopian Movement and African Identities  29
3. In the Name of the Father: The Manye Sisters and Church Formation  54
4. Ministries of Migration: George McGuire, Robert Josias Morgan, and the Transformation of Black Churches in the West Indies and the United States  83
5. Garvey’s God: Racial Uplift and the Creation of the African Orthodox Church  105
6. “We See on the Horizon the Sun of African Orthodoxy”: Church Growth in Southern Africa  122
7. Seeds of Freedom: Growing Orthodoxy and Freedom in East Africa  151
Epilogue: Thy Will Be Done  179
Notes  187
Bibliography  219
Index  239

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Additional Information

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Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-1993-0 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-1722-6 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-2450-7 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478024507