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Muslim Communities Reemerge

Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Politics, and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia

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Central Asia Book Series

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Book

Pages: 384

Published: August 1994

Editors: Andreas Kappeler, Gerhard Simon, Gerog Brunner

Contributors: Gerhard Simon, Bert G. Fragner, Edward Lazzerini, Tadeusz Swietochowski, Azade-Ayse Rorlich, Edward A. Allworth, Sabrina P. Ramet, Andreas Kappeler, Hans Braker, Gerog Brunner, Wolfgang Hopken, Uwe Halbach, Richard Lorenz, Marie Broxup, Alexandre Popovic

The terrible events afflicting Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Tajikistan fill the news, commanding the world's attention. This timely volume offers rare insight into the background of these catastrophic conflicts. First published in German on the eve of the breakup of the Yugoslav and Soviet republics, it is one of the few books in any language to analyze, in detail and in depth, the historical and contemporary situation of Muslims in former communist states and thus clarifies the sources, development, and implications of the events that dominate today's foreign news.

In fourteen chapters and an updated introduction, European and North American specialists examine the recent evolution of Islamic expression and practice in these former Communist regions, as well as its political significance within officially atheistic regimes. Representing a wide range of disciplines and perspectives, the authors detail how the modern ethno-religious situation developed and matured in hostile circumstances, the degree of latitude the local Muslims achieved in religious expression, and what prospect the future seemed to offer just before the breakup of the Soviet Union and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Overall, the book provides a thorough analysis of the coincidence and tension between ethnic and religious identity in two countries officially devoted to the separation of ethnic groups in domestic cultural arrangements but not in the social or political realm.

Contributors. Edward Allworth, Hans Bräker, Marie Broxup, Georg Brunner, Bert G. Fragner, Uwe Halbach, Wolfgang Höpken, Andreas Kappeler, Edward J. Lazzerini, Richard Lorenz, Alexandre Popovi´c, Sabrina Petra Ramet, Azade-Ayse Rorlich, Gerhard Simon, Tadeusz Swietochowski

Praise

“This volume represents a contribution to an ongoing debate of tribal, religious, and national identity among Muslims in former communist states which has been relatively neglected in the past, but whose importance has become more evident, not just to the scholarly world but also to western governments and the public at large.” - Heide Whelan, Dartmouth College

"Muslim Communities Reemerge is particularly timely in light of current speculation that Bosnian style civil war could destroy the stability of the newly independent Central Asian republics. The editors have performed a valuable service by juxtaposing ex-Soviet and ex-Yugoslav Muslims in a comparative context." - James Critchlow, Fellow at the Russian Research Center, Harvard University

"Muslim Communities Reemerge provides a remarkably balanced, comprehensive, and up-to-date introduction to the intricacies and multi-layered relationship of the ex-Soviet Islamic peoples to their own history, religion, and culture as well as to their non-Muslim neighbors and fellow citizens. It forces us to rethink our own definition and understanding of contemporary nationalism and federalism, particularly as related to religion, customs, or traditional and modern values." - Marc Raeff, Bakhmeteff Professor Emeritus of Russian Studies, Columbia University

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Author/Editor Bios Table Of Contents Rights Additional Information

Author/Editor Bios

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Andreas Kappeler is Professor of East European History at the University of Cologne.

Gerhard Simon is Professor of Political Science at the University of Cologne.

Georg Brunner is Professor of Public Adminstration Law at the University of Cologne.

Table Of Contents

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Central Asia Book Series vii

Preface to the English-Language Edition xi

Introduction / Gerhard Simon 1

The Nationalization of the Uzbeks and Tajiks / Bert G. Fragner 13

Defining the Orient: A 19th Century Russo-Tatar Polemic over Identity and Culture Representation / Edward J. Lazzerini 33

Islam and the Growth of National Identity in Soviet Azerbaijan / Tadeusz Swietochowski 46

One or More Tatar Nation? / Azade-Ayse Rorlich 61

Religious and National Signals in Secular Central Asian Drama / Edward Allworth 80

Primordial Ethnicity of Modern Nationalism: The Case of Yogoslavia's Muslims, Reconsidered / Sabrina Petra Ramet 111

Czarist Policy toward the Muslims of the Russian Empire / Andreas Kappeler 141

Soviet Policy toward Islam / Hans Braker 157

The Status of Muslims in the Federative Systems of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia / Georg Brunner 183

Yugoslavia's Communists and the Bosnian Muslims / Wolfgang Hopken 214

"Holy War" against Czarism: The Links between Sufism and Jihad in the Nineteeenth-Century Anticolonial Resistance against Russia / Uwe Halbach 251

Economic Bases of the Basmachi Movement in the Farghana Valley / Richard Lorenz 277

Political Trends in Soviet Islam after the Afghanistan War / Marie Broxup 304

Islamic Movements in Yugoslavia / Alexandre Popovic 322

Appendix: Statistical Tables and Figures 341

Notes on Contributors and Editors 353

Index 357

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Sales/Territorial Rights: World

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Paper ISBN: 978-0-8223-1490-5 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-8223-1447-9 /

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