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Nostalgia for the Modern

State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey

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Politics, History, and Culture

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Book

Pages: 240

Illustrations: 12 b&w photos

Published: August 2006

Author: Esra Özyürek

As the twentieth century drew to a close, the unity and authority of the secularist Turkish state were challenged by the rise of political Islam and Kurdish separatism on the one hand and by the increasing demands of the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank on the other. While the Turkish government had long limited Islam—the religion of the overwhelming majority of its citizens—to the private sphere, it burst into the public arena in the late 1990s, becoming part of party politics. As religion became political, symbols of Kemalism—the official ideology of the Turkish Republic founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923—spread throughout the private sphere. In Nostalgia for the Modern, Esra Özyürek analyzes the ways that Turkish citizens began to express an attachment to—and nostalgia for—the secularist, modernist, and nationalist foundations of the Turkish Republic.

Drawing on her ethnographic research in Istanbul and Ankara during the late 1990s, Özyürek describes how ordinary Turkish citizens demonstrated their affinity for Kemalism in the ways they organized their domestic space, decorated their walls, told their life stories, and interpreted political developments. She examines the recent interest in the private lives of the founding generation of the Republic, reflects on several privately organized museum exhibits about the early Republic, and considers the proliferation in homes and businesses of pictures of Atatürk, the most potent symbol of the secular Turkish state. She also explores the organization of the 1998 celebrations marking the Republic’s seventy-fifth anniversary. Özyürek’s insights into how state ideologies spread through private and personal realms of life have implications for all societies confronting the simultaneous rise of neoliberalism and politicized religion.

Praise

“[P]owerful, rich, and impressive. . . . The clarity of writing, together with the subtlety and sophistication of the analysis, makes this monograph unique: one that is accessible to thoughtful undergraduates and intriguing for those more engaged with anthropological theories. . .” - Mandana E. Limbert, American Ethnologist

“Özyürek’s work is original and offers a fresh look at the rise of political Islam in Turkey and its consequences. . . . Nostalgia for the Modern will be a valuable resource for Turkish studies for years to come.” - Yaprak Gürsoy, Canadian Journal of History

“Nostalgia for the Modern is a well-organized, well argued, and well-written study which will be of great use to readers interested in the comparative study of modernisms, political anthropology, memory studies, and the anthropology of Europe, and is particularly suited for undergraduate teaching.” - Leyla Neyzi, Anthropos

“[A] fine contribution to a multidisciplinary, rich, and sophisticated discourse on contemporary Turkey. . . . The author provides us with a rich ethnography, a sophisticated and nuanced theoretical frame, and a historical perspective through which we can understand her data and conclusions.” - Roberta Micallef, International Journal of Middle East Studies

“[The book’s] analysis of the maintenance and manipulation of founding myths and ideologies has applicability well beyond Turkey’s borders.” - Howard Handelman, Perspectives on Politics

“I recommend this book to students of advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in political anthropology and area courses in the near east, and to researchers in the fields of secular and religious debates and the politics of culture.” - Henry J. Rutz, American Anthropologist

“The book’s main strength is its lucid presentation of the concerns of Kemalist circles in contemporary Turkey and its analysis of some of the strategies they adopted to cope with them. . . . Özyürek’s study offers fresh insights into recent political and ideological developments within the influential Kemalist circles of Turkey.” - Amit Bein, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society

“Esra Özyürek equips us to see modernity as both an ongoing invention and an object of nostalgia. Her analysis, exceptional for its ethnographic richness and ideological nuance, shows how power struggles between secular and Islamist political movements are reconfiguring popular notions of citizenship and the sacred in Turkey. Few scholars have devised such a compelling framework for assessing the mutual transformations of nationalism, Islam, and the state. This is exciting, innovative work.” - Andrew Shryock, author of Nationalism and the Genealogical Imagination

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Author/Editor Bios Table Of Contents Rights Additional Information

Author/Editor Bios

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Esra Özyürek is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego. She is the editor of Politics of Public Memory: Production and Consumption of the Past in Turkey.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments ix

Introduction 1

1. The Elderly Children of the Republic: The Public History in the Private Story 29

2. Wedded to the Republic: Displaying Transformations in Private Lives 65

3. Miniaturizing Ataturk: The Commodification of State Iconography 93

4. Hand in Hand with the Republic: Civilian Celebration of the Turkish State 125

5. Public Memory as Political Battleground: Kemalist and Islamist Versions of the Early Republic 151

Conclusion 178

Notes 183

References 199

Index 217

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Sales/Territorial Rights: World

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Paper ISBN: 978-0-8223-3895-6 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-8223-3879-6 / eISBN: 978-0-8223-8846-3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388463

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