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Rage and Carnage in the Name of God

Religious Violence in Nigeria

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Religious Cultures of African and African Diaspora People

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Book

Pages: 312

Illustrations: 1 illustration

Published: August 2022

Author: Abiodun Alao

In Rage and Carnage in the Name of God, Abiodun Alao examines the emergence of a culture of religious violence in postindependence Nigeria, where Christianity, Islam, and traditional religions have all been associated with violence. He investigates the root causes and historical evolution of Nigeria’s religious violence, locating it in the forced coming together of disparate ethnic groups under colonial rule, which planted the seeds of discord that religion, elites, and domestic politics exploit. Alao discusses the histories of Christianity, Islam, and traditional religions in the territory that became Nigeria, the effects of colonization on the role of religion, the development of Islamic radicalization and its relation to Christian violence, the activities of Boko Haram, and how religious violence intermixes with politics and governance. In so doing, he uses religious violence as a way to more fully understand intergroup relations in contemporary Nigeria.

Praise

“Illuminating the inner dynamics and processes of the radicalization of religion, Abiodun Alao offers a balanced picture of Nigeria’s religious and political terrain, showing how Christianity and Islam are similarly entangled in the mundane rituals of competition for power and the inevitable moral corruption, civil tumult, and physical destruction that often follow. Very few, if any, books combine such a treatment of politics and violence and their relation to religion as comprehensively as Rage and Carnage in the Name of God.” - Simeon O. Ilesanmi, author of Religious Pluralism and the Nigerian State

“While most books on religious violence in Nigeria focus on Islam and the violence generated within and beyond its different sects or against the adherents of other religions, this rich work also engages with the violence perpetrated by Christians against Muslims. It remarkably traces the history and contours of religious violence in Nigeria’s postindependence history while elaborating on the difficult process of state-building in the context of generalized violence. Rage and Carnage in the Name of God meets a critical need in the general scholarship on Nigeria and global studies in the age of religion-inspired terrorism.” - Wale Adebanwi, author of Yorùbá Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria

"Throughout this insightful book, [Alao] explores both post-independence Nigeria’s history and the global religious movements in their connection with religious violence. ... The book will be useful for students, researchers, policymakers and anyone who is interested in understanding the religious violence in Nigeria beyond the narratives that are common in the media."

- Adeyemi Balogun, Religion

"Abiodun Alao’s book is an interesting contribution to the literature on religious violence in Nigeria – a country where religious and ethnic divides come into play at all times. ... It offers a compelling explanation of the dynamics as well as the divergence between Christianity, Islam, and traditional religion in Nigeria. This book will definitely open up more discussions and debates on religiously motivated violence in Nigeria."

- Zainab Mai-Bornu, Religion, State & Society

"For me, this is an important book. Its canvas is quite large, but the finished product makes the key arguments lucidly. Alao speaks clearly, and for the avoidance of doubt, he does not suggest that his book is the last word on the subject, rather he invites more discussion and the debates will indeed continue." - Jimam T. Lar, African Affairs

"Rage and Carnage in the Name of God, obviously, is an apt title that exudes the outrageous and sacrilegious extent to which religious motivations can be abused. Abiodun Alao, in this book, assembles incontrovertible evidence regarding the misuse and abuse of religion across the world, albeit with a sharp focus on Nigeria." - Kwaku Nti, Journal of Global South Studies

"Alao’s book offers an introduction to the history of, as well as some ways of thinking about, acts of violence carried out in the name of or by explicitly religious movements in Nigeria." - Spencer Drew, Religious Studies Review

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Author/Editor Bios

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Abiodun Alao is Professor of African Studies at King’s College London and the author of several books, including A New Narrative for Africa: Voice and Agency, Mugabe and the Politics of Security in Zimbabwe, and Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: The Tragedy of Endowment.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction: Of Nigeria, Religion, and Violence  1
1. Religion and Nigerian Society  19
2. Islam and Violence in Nigeria  45
3. Christianity and Violence in Nigeria  77
4. Traditional Religions and Violence in Nigeria  101
5. Boko Haram and the New Phase of Violence  115
6. National Politics, Intergroup Relations, and Religious Violence in Nigeria  153
7. The Economics of Religious Violence in Nigeria  189
8. Nigeria's Religious Violence in the Context of Global Politics  207
Conclusion: The Impossibility of the Best and the Unlikelihood of the Worst  225
Notes  239
Bibliography  267
Index  285

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Additional Information

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Related Links Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-1816-2 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-1553-6 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-2277-0 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022770