Women, State, and Party in Eastern Europe

Tables and Figures vii

Acknowledgments xi

Foreword xiii

Introduction / Sharon L. Wolchik 1

I. Conditioning Factors

1. Feminism, Socialism, and Nationalism in Eastern Europe / Alfred G. Meyer 13

2. The Precommunist Legacy, Economic Development, Social Transformation, and Women's Roles in Eastern Europe / Sharon L. Wolchik 31

II. Women in the Precommunist Period

Introduction / Sharon L. Wolchik 47

3. Medical Education for Women in Austria: A Study in the Politics of the Czech Women's Movement in the 1890s / Karen Johnson Freeze 51

4. Women in the First Czechoslovak Republic / Bruce M. Garver 64

5. Ukrainian Feminism in Interwar Poland / Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak 82

6. Peasant Women of Croatia in the Interwar Years / Mary E. Reed 98

III. Women and Politics

Introduction / Sharon L. Wolchik 115

7. Women in Romanian Politics: Elena Ceausescu, Pronatalism, and the Promotion of Women / Mary Ellen Fischer 121

8. From Courtyard to Cabinet: The Political Emergence of Albanian Women / John Kolsti 138

9. Women in Local Communist Politics in Romania and Poland / Daniel N. Nelson 152

10. Women in the Opposition in Poland and Czechoslovakia / Barbara W. Jancar 168

IV. Women and Work: Production and Reproduction

Introduction / Sharon L. Wolchik 189

11. The Socioeconomic Conditions of Women in Hungary / Rozsa Kulcsar 195

12. Theory and Reality: The Status of Employed Women in Yugoslavia / Silva Meznaric 214

13. Blue-Collar Working Women and Poverty in Hungary / Ivan Volgyes 221

14. The Rights of Women: Ideology, Policy, and Social Change in Yugoslavia / Susan L. Woodward 234

15. Social Services for Women and Childcare Facilities in Eastern Europe / Bodgan Bieczkowski 257

16. Demographic Policy and Sexual Equality: Value Conflicts and Policy Appraisal in Hungary and Romania / Robert J. McIntyre 270

17. Passage to Motherhood: Personal and Social "Management" of Reproduction in Czechoslovakia in the 1980s / Alena Heitlinger 286

V. Women's Voices

Introduction / Alfred G. Meyer 303

18. Women, Work, and Gender Equality in Poland: Reality and Its Social Perception / Renata Siemienska 305

19. The Rites of Women: Oral Poetry, Ideology, and the Socialization of Peasant Women in Contemporary Romania / Gail Kligman 323

20. The Emancipation of Women in Fact and Fiction: Changing Roles in GDR Society and Literature / Dorothy Rosenberg 344

Notes 362

Editors and Contributors 429

Index 434

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